Humans Senses and Perceptions Essay examples - 1418 Words

Humanity is blessed with at least five senses with which we observe and perceive our surroundings. Although our senses, and sense perceptions indeed are amazing, the knowledge gained by these faculties is sometimes misleading. The reason why our senses, at times, err is twofold, first the sensory organs we are endowed with are not entirely accurate, and are not equipped to perceive and measure all information. The second reason for errors in perception is that we all interpret the data we revived via there organs differently. As Penelope Fitzgerald puts it, â€Å"No two people see the external world in exactly the same way. To every separate person a thing is what he thinks it is -- in other words, not a thing, but a think.† The combination of†¦show more content†¦We err in this case because other people want us to, and they have easy access to our perception and opinion through our fallible senses. It is because our senses are fallible that scientists try to create i nstruments that will allow us to hear and see better: such as telescopes, microscopes and microphones. Also ultrasound and x-ray refraction can be used to â€Å"see† things like atoms, which would otherwise be impossible with our eyes alone. Although, if the only reason we err came from flaws in sensory organs technology should be able to give us completely accurate perception...right? However while light and sound may enter the ears and eyes it is not perceived until it reaches the brain. Therefore the acquisition of knowledge, or sensory deception relies on the mind , making it nearly impossible to attain perfect perception. So, we will always err because of our mind, and its limitations. Although we do have eyes to see with and ears to hear with, there sensory organs are imperfect, and only perceive a fraction of what is really going on around us. In order to prevent our brain from overloading with the massive amounts of sense data it receives, our brain tends to filter wh at is going on around us. For example, in a classroom there is an instructor, other students, and various other distractions. A student cannot possibly focus on all of these and oftentimes chooses to focus only on the other students and various distractions. We can never get the whole picture ofShow MoreRelatedChanneling Communication Between the World and Us Through Sense Perception874 Words   |  4 PagesBy definition, sense perception is whereby the idea of sense is referred to the external stimulus in which we perceive our knowledge through while perception is defined to be the awareness towards something through our senses. Long before we learned how to use language, reasoning, faith, or emotions, we have already been making use of our external stimuluses’ to make sense or even be conscious of the world. This makes sense perception our primary source of obtaining knowledge since it is the onlyRead MoreA Time Sensitive Matter Is An Illusion Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesillustrates how complex and fraught with contradiction the subject of human time perception is. (Adams, 1979) Time is a much discussed and often romanticized concept. We have many different ways we describe the phenomenon of time, ranging from passive to active perception. Our study of time perception is often separated into 2 separate areas; Time as a concrete law, a measurement of existence that will continue regardless of human interaction with it, or a fluid concept, a feeling about our existenceRead MoreThe Work of James Jerome Gibson1073 Words   |  5 Pagespsychologist whose work focused primarily on visual perception. He received his Ph.D. in Psychology from Princeton University in 1928 and joined the faculty of Smith College. During World War II he served in the Army Air Forces (1942–46). In the Army, Gibson developed tests used to screen potential pilots. In doing so, he made the observation that pilots orient themselves according to the characteristics of th e ground surface rather than through kinesthetic senses (Hochberg, 1994). After the war he returnedRead MoreOur Five Senses Within Our Everyday Lives And Experiences1216 Words   |  5 PagesHistory Through the utilization of our five senses within our everyday lives and experiences we are able to acquire knowledge. Our senses are subjective channels of communication which can either be a strength or a weakness in various areas of knowledge such as Law or History. Law, a human science, is a system of rules that help to regulate the actions of a town, city, and country. Its application does not derive solely as it is written, but also in the way a lawmaker perceives different situationsRead MoreAs Sense Perception Is A Vital Way Of Knowing, To Question1465 Words   |  6 PagesAs sense perception is a vital way of knowing, to question its reliability is to question existing knowledge itself. It embodies our sense, touch and taste, to name a few and within the realm of the human sciences is significant. It is what provides evidence and allows for justification, through the form of qualitative data. However, when this evidence has the chance of being faltered, perhaps all qualitat ive data is then altered. This is what allows us to question, to what extent is sense perceptionRead More`` Architecture And The Crisis Of Modern Science ``1637 Words   |  7 Pagesargue that the sensory experience between the architectural object and the audience of it should be complimentary. These designers are famous for reviving the emotion evoking spaces through expression of light and shadow, material, and intimate human perception. The manifestation of this theory will be discussed further through the analysis of two case studies: 1) Therme Vals in Switzerland by Peter Zumthor and 2) Nelson Atkins Art Museum in Kansas City by Steven Holl. Alberto Perez Gomez ChallengesRead Moresensory perception Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Sensory Perceptions Critical Thinking Professor Naomi Sanderovsky Raquiera Wilkerson April 23, 2014 â€Å"There is nothing in our mind unless it is first in the senses† -Aquinas Throughout our life senses have enriched our brains; they currently play a part with our brain as we think. As powerful as our senses are, they do not always transfer accurate data to the brain. Especially when we are sick, tired or confused, our senses are even more deceiving to us. Our sensualRead MoreSeeing Is Believing894 Words   |  4 Pagesnot believe. People are so accustomed to trust their feelings perception of objects, which often do not even realize whether feelings deceive? But we also can`t definitely state that human sense perception gain the absolutely wrong or right information. It depends on the frame of reference, everything is subjective. Inaccuracy of knowledge gained from experience is possible because of a huge amount of limitations on our sense perception. Every person is not identical and has different abilities.Read MoreLanguage and human identity1466 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough language where in fact it is not always true only by a stronger ability in language could change peoples perspective. It is not just how people communicate it is the way for mankind to see the world in different perspective of different perceptions that are influenced by emotions and cultures. According to BBC.co.uk â€Å"It’s estimated that up to 7,000 different languages are spoken around the world. 90% of these languages are used by less than 100,000 people. Over a million people converse inRead MoreDescartes And Berkeley s Beliefs On The Source Of Human Knowledge1155 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes’ and Berkeley’s beliefs on the source of human knowledge and how it relates to their definitions of absolute tru th. According to Descartes, the source of human knowledge is found only through thinking, because our senses deceive us. Absolute truth, for Descartes, is objective fact established through deductive reasoning. Berkeley, on the other hand, believes that human knowledge originates from perception and that absolute fact is one’s perceptions of the material world. In this paper I will explore

Case Study Autism 7th Grade - 1066 Words

Task 2 Case Study The first day of student teaching in the first period I observed a child named ‘Kyle.’ Kyle seemed to get out of his seat even after my mentor teacher asked him to sit in his seat. He was at the front of the class very close to where the teacher taught. After a few times of this he growled at the teacher. I could tell that he was different than the typical student because of his constant interruptions. I found out after the class Kyle was autistic and had behavior problems. I also found out he was operating at an age level of 6 to 7 years old. This behavior happened often so all the 7th grade teachers composed a chart for Kyle to reward him for staying on task but didn’t seem to work. Kyle is interested in science,†¦show more content†¦Once I graded Kyle’s note-taking sheet with map, he had all labels on his map. This also made me believe he liked the visual map and being able to see countries, bodies of water, and cities. I will use a map in the n ext unit as well. Besides his assignments I had a few objectives I wanted Kyle to accomplish but with no punishment if they were not met. After a gladiator video we watched together, Kyle’s objective was to state the main idea of the video with 80% accuracy, and since it was verbal he was able to correctly state the main idea. Another objective he was able to reach was to transition appropriately from tasks and activities and school environments 80% of the time given visual and verbal prompts. This objective was met 6 out of 8 times throughout the unit. Overall, a big objective for Kyle was to follow classroom rules and directives given visual and verbal prompts 90% of the time. He was able to reach slightly under 90% of the time in the class I taught but this was a yearlong objective that all his teachers participated in. Finally, it is so important that Autistic children have structure, routine, and praise. In Kyle’s case he did not like writing which is an important part in history. By reducing his assignments, asking for verbal answers instead of written answers, verbally reminding everyone to stay on task, and providing written and verbal instructions, I was able to meet my objectives through the assessments. I believe I wasShow MoreRelatedPersonal Insight At Diablo Valley College Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesof psychology to social processes, have given me a better understanding of the modern analysis of the social science that is psychology. And my very first psychology course, Introduction to Psychology, had imparted on me insight on the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. These courses are by no means the only courses in which I could enroll in to proceed to higher levels of education. For every semester I have enrolled in at DVC, I would consult Assist.org, an online student-transferRead MoreVaccines For Children Program Programs1522 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will also include how I will adapt this program in my future pediatric practice. The history of the Vaccines for Children program was a result of the 1989 measles epidemic in the United States. This epidemic resulted in tens of thousands of cases of measles and hundreds of deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As the Centers for Disease and Prevention investigated this epidemic it was discovered that greater half of the children who had measles had not been vaccinated.Read MoreCharacteristics Of A High Quality Program1203 Words   |  5 Pagesensure that all needs are met appropriately. High-quality programs should accommodate for indoor and outdoor play, and space for active and quiet play. Activities should allow for gross motor development, and provide safe surfaces for the children in case of falls or accidents. To meet the needs for emotional safety, staff should be understanding to the anxiety felt by both child and parent after separation, and help to ease this anxiety. 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In addition, she walked on her toes, did not make eye contact with others, had a terrible fear of loud sounds, cried frequently, and was a poor sleeper. She was evaluated before her secondRead MoreApa Style Lite for College Papers15275 Words   |  62 Pagesbecause of failure to adhere to APA style, it is important to note that 39% of the respondents reported that they had returned a manuscript to an author purely for failing to adhere to 6.2 Citations APA style. (Brewer et al., 2001, p. 266) The study asked the respondents to rate the categories most commonly observed deviating 2.3 Lists 4.1 Scales from APA style. These were reported on a scale ranging from 1 (none) to 5 (a lot). 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The Collaborative Economy Business Model †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Collaborative Economy Business Model. Answer: Introduction The collaborative economy business model is now considered being a known occurrence in respect of customers as well as businesses throughout the globe due to the technological development. The strength of individuals participating in the collaborative economy has increased immensely and businesses like Airbnb as well as Zipcar functioning amid its impact are in equal competition with large chain of hotels as well as car rental services. There will occur the existence of the collaborative economy only when individuals will be having the willingness for sharing. However, in respect of sharing there is the need for both the parties in being reliable. Therefore, it is necessary that the users as well as the owners of the business do the leveraging of reviews for providing assistance in building reliance all through the process. Also, due to the development in the technological aspect, there is occurring a bright future in respect of the collaborative economy. For getting success in the c ollaborative economy, the companies are required building the trust among the users and do the conveying of authenticity as well as transparency. In this respect, there is the requirement for having awareness regarding the four significant values that are associated with the social aspects, economic aspects, practical aspects as well as sustainable aspects, and integrating them as a significant part of the collaborative economy experience. In respect of Airbnb, it can be stated that the company does the selling of products that are considered being uncommoditized. Individuals are caring a lot on respect of where they would stay and therefore, variety is considered being significant. The key is the process of listing. Airbnb is having at present, more than a million listings. In addition with the economic advantages, collaborative economy will be contributing as well to new experiences, new associations and, most importantly, the capability of getting the service or product at a convenient time as well as location. Advantages and disadvantages of the collaborative economy Collaborative economy is also considered as the sharing economy that will be allowing individuals in sharing assets, services as well as time with other individuals and getting incentives, in monetary or in kind. Nevertheless, collaborative economy is having its own advantages as well as disadvantages. Collaborative economy has brought with itself various opportunities related to outsourcing. There occurred benefit for businesses through the supply of part-time workers that are having the availability at reduced expenses. They will be hiring freelance workers and will be continuing to do their employment when they prefer. Uber as well as Task Rabbit are considered being the examples of such organizations (Lu 2016). This aspect states that the collaborative economy is considered being effective in respect of businesses and professionals. Amongst the other advantages of the collaborative economy, lower cost is considered being an advantage along with affordable price and regarded as one of the major criteria associated with the selection of collaborative economy. For instance, to rent a luxury apartment on Airbnb can be compared to the price regarding a hostel and a ride utilizing BlaBlaCar will not be costing more than a train ride. Along with the economic advantages, collaborative economy will be contributing as well to new experiences, new associations and, most significantly, the capability of getting the service or product at a convenient time as well as location (Zhou 2015). For instance, there occurred the launching of the Airbnb service naturally when decision was made by the homeowners for renting it out to the conference visitors when there wasnt the availability of any hotel rooms. Irrespective of the various advantages, collaborative economy is also having certain disadvantages as well. One of the major concerns is associated with the aspect of lacking adequate attention relating to security concerns. For instance, Airbnb can also do the raising of issues relating to customer safety as well as annoyance in respect of the hosts neighbours. Hotels are having regular inspection for ensuring that they there are no fire traps and they are not posing any threat respect of the visitors. But, the hosts of Airbnb are not facing any such scrutiny. Also, in respect of Uber it can be stated that the company is presently having disagreements with the regulators over whether its cars are meeting the safety as well as insurance needs imposed on normal taxis (Norman 2017). One more disadvantage of the collaborative economy is that it will be leading towards the degradation of wages. Description of an industry being challenged by a collaborative economy model The hospitality industry is being challenged by the collaborative economy model. With the coordination of transactions through the internet and taking place amongst private individuals, key brands within the hospitality industry is facing the economic influence of the online resource sharing platforms. It has been estimated that the hotels are losing approximately $450 million in direct revenues every year to Airbnb. According to a report, between September 2014 and August 2015, there occurred the reservation of 480,000 hotel room nights while there occurred the booking of more than 2.8 million room nights on Airbnb. By 2018, it is being estimated that Airbnb room nights will be reaching 5 million every year (Kitchin 2016). Therefore, it is clear that Airbnb (vacation rental site) has reduced the demand in respect of traditional hotel rooms (Dino 2015). In addition, many hotel staffs are facing job losses due to these plummeting demands. Also, the vacation rental site is less labour intensive in comparison to hotels since they are not requiring similar level of service. There have occurred almost 2,800 direct job losses to Airbnb and a loss of around $200 million in income in respect of the staffs of hotels. Because of the reduced demand of the hotel rooms will be occurring an additional adverse impact in respect of the hotels as well as their staffs. When guests will be selecting not to stay in a hotel then the money that would have been spent on foods and beverages at the bars and restaurant of the hotel will be spent somewhere else (Gundry 2014). As a result, the hotels are losing out on the profit they would have otherwise received from the visitors and to be precise, around $108 million of food and beverage revenue is getting lost since travellers are making the choice of booking with Airbnb. The incumbent business model in the hospitality industry has started evolving in due course of time, because of the impact of the technological, social as well as economic factors. The social factor, the changing aspect regarding the customer behaviour was having the highest influence in relation to evolution of the business models towards the innovative model of business. The new technological developments has turned out to be a way to ensure success as it is offering the scope to expand the channels of distribution, reducing the reservation processing time as well as creating the organizational network that is having the involvement towards the maintenance of the value chain (Ahlin 2014). For meeting the higher power of negotiation regarding the buyers as well as competition, hospitality companies are required making continuous innovation for maintaining their market position. Moreover, there is occurring continuous change relating to the needs of the customers, and there occurs th e triggering of this change through new technological aspects. Porters Framework of Competitive Advantage The framework of Porter will also be referring to the power of suppliers as well as buyers. The suppliers of Airbnb will be having limited power, or else their rooms will be remaining vacant. The buyers of Airbnb are similarly having limitation due to the dearth of competition in the space. They could possibly do the identification of the space they would like renting on the website of Airbnb and then contacting the seller in a direct way, evading the Airbnb premium, but to do the seller will be bypassing the insurance clause of Airbnb as well as the payment collection process. The last part of the Porters framework is concerned with the threat that the substitutes are posing. There is another service similar to Airbnb that did the actualization of remarkable opportunity but has not been able to achieve Airbnb-type profits. Couchsurfing.org will be facilitating free stays on couches in respect of members regarding their network, but the business model and experience is very much diff erent from Airbnb (Dawson 2014). Selection of an existing collaborative economy firm within the hospitality industry An existing collaborative economy firm within the hospitality industry is Airbnb. Within a span of only seven years, Airbnb did the disruption of the 1300-year-old hotel industry through the creation of a collaborative travel revolution where everyone will be capturing superior value. Airbnb started its operation in 2008 and did the creation of an online marketplace that connects travellers to the potential hosts. At present, Airbnb is having more than 1,50,000 host listings offered in more than 30,000 cities and more than 190 countries. It all begins with the basic supposition that home owners are having vacant rooms that might not be getting used. Airbnb is allowing these home owners in making some additional cash by posting these rooms on listings, together with photographs as well as details, making connection with potential guests and renting them out (Florida 2014). Airbnb is considered being a marketplace that is facilitating the exchange between the home owners as well as tra vellers and providing an online method of reservation that is facilitating transactions in an honest as well as dependable way. Having a flexible platform, transparency, trust as well as dependability, Airbnb did the management of relying upon listings as well as contents that are generated by the users. Its function is facilitating as well as assisting the value creation of other individuals and through that the value is getting multiplied in an exponential manner. In respect of that, Airbnb is charging a 3% host service fee in respect of every booking as well as 6 to 12% of the cost of reservation in respect of the guest. Unlike linear businesses within the hotel industry, Airbnb will be scaling at an incredibly fast rate at little to no marginal expense. By making their customers partners, Airbnb did the creation of a platform for the creation of value for every individual as well as sharing that value through the orchestration of the network as well as facilitation of the connections. With a solid platform, a better reputation as well as a developing community, Airbnb will be finding itself to be in a strong position for the sustenance of its competitive advantage. Through innovation as well as proven consistency, Airbnb will be continuing with the creation of value. The ways by which the collaborative business model in respect of Airbnb will be maintaining a competitive advantage is mentioned as under, One of the competitive advantages of Airbnb is that unlike hotels, it is not controlled by the growing variable costs. As an alternative, Airbnb will be offering an incredibly generous list of rooms, in countries throughout the globe. The company website is having listings in 192 different countries as well as 34,000 varied cities. Airbnb will be allowing the users in navigating these listings in an intuitive manner because of the various characteristics on its website. The Airbnb model is therefore, an example of ICT that might be lowering the costs of searching by offering a plethora of information as well as the methods for managing, processing as well as evaluating it easily (Carland 2015). Another competitive advantage of the expansiveness regarding the listing of Airbnb is the manner in which the organization will be tracking the users preferences. Along with the collection of data through the tracking of the browsing behaviour, Airbnb will be having the ability for gaining a better portrayal of its users when they sign-up for the service via the websites Facebook Application Programming Interface (API). Another competitive advantage of the company is also associated with its major investment regarding big data information technology. The major objective of such an investment is mainly learning more about the users habits as well as preferences (Anderson 2014). Identifying certain unintended outcomes of the collaborative economy model The collaborative economy is having a steadfast growth. Websites such as EBay, TripAdvisor that are relying on peer to peer communications are established, everyday services. An increasing number of sectors are having a peer to peer component, from accommodation and travel to lending as well as retail. In general, this has been a positive growth. There is occurring the circumvention of the old structures of power as individuals are providing things in respect of one another. Increasing number of individuals is having the ability of making an income from their interests, their vacant rooms as well as with the spare time they have. But from a different perspective, it can be stated that the broad shift in the cultural aspect is creating winners as well as losers (Ludvig 2016). At times, mistakes are taking place. In certain places, the authorities are acting fast for getting acquainted with the business models that are blurring the boundaries amongst the individual as well as commercia l interests in certain new as well as confusing manners (Dentchev 2016). For instance, when a website such as Zopa will be set up and peer-to-peer lending becomes a possibility, it will be undermining the voracious banking industry and will be feeling like financial power getting redistributed. When collaborative economy substitutes will be undermining the traditional small businesses, it must be dealt with utmost concern. For instance, let us consider the situation of a family-run bed breakfast that will be seeing its number of visitors getting reduced due to the coming up of new Airbnb rooms in close proximity. In another scenario, it might occur that all of a sudden, individuals start facing eviction from their rented apartments due to the fact that owner had felt he could be making more money doing temporary lets (Pacione 2014). In another scenario, taxis in San Francisco might be taken into consideration. In 2012, there was the launching of the ride-sharing app Uber and in the next two years there has been the dropping of the number of cab journeys by 65%. This might be regarded as a matter of ease in respect of the users but on the other hand, this has been proved to be a overwhelming income loss in respect of taxi-drivers (Dawson 2014). This challenging situation is occurring in Britain in recent times in respect of courier services. Certain courier services that are considered being the cheapest are keeping their costs low through the hiring of freelance drivers or lifestyle couriers. These drivers are being paid as less as 35p per delivery in certain cases, making it a very underpaid work in respect of those that are depending upon the income (Pillay 2014). There also occur concerns relating to taxation as individuals who are running little businesses on the side are not making declaration about it. There is also occurring the aspect of overlooking the rules regarding health and safety that will be getting applied to traditional businesses. Finally, it needs to be understood that there is nothing completely positive regarding peer-to-peer models of business (Cropley 2014). It cannot be assumed that these business models are always better, that there always occurs sustainability of the eco-products, or that the digital products are having a reduced carbon footprint in comparison to the physical ones. Conclusion To conclude the assignment it can be stated that the advantages as well as disadvantages regarding the collaborative economy have been explained briefly. Then, there has been the selection of the hotel industry that is being challenged by a collaborative economy model. An explanation has been provided regarding the hotel industrys incumbent model and ways to create as well as capture value. A selection has been made in respect of one existing collaborative economy firm such as Airbnb within the hotel industry. There has also been the requirement for analysing in what ways the collaborative economic business model will be able to do the creation as well as capturing of superior value. Moreover, the competitive advantage regarding the collaborative economic business model has been discussed as well. Also, there has been the identification of certain unintended outcomes of the success regarding the collaborative economy model. References Ahlin, B., Drnovek, M. and Hisrich, R.D., 2014. Entrepreneurs creativity and firm innovation: the moderating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Small business economics,43(1), pp.101-117. Anderson, N., Poto?nik, K. and Zhou, J., 2014. Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework.Journal of Management,40(5), pp.1297-1333. Carland, J.W. and Carland, J.C., 2015. A model of potential entrepreneurship: Profiles and educational implications.Journal of Small Business Strategy,8(1), pp.1-14. Cropley, D.H. and Cropley, A.J., 2014.Managing entrepreneurship for innovation: a psychological analysis(Doctoral dissertation, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited). Dawson, P. and Andriopoulos, C., 2014.Managing change, creativity and innovation. Sage. Dentchev, N., Baumgartner, R., Dieleman, H., Jhannsdttir, L., Jonker, J., Nyberg, T., Rauter, R., Rosano, M., Snihur, Y., Tang, X. and van Hoof, B., 2016. Embracing the variety of sustainable business models: social entrepreneurship, corporate intrapreneurship, creativity, innovation, and other approaches to sustainability challenges.Journal of Cleaner Production,113. Dino, R.N., 2015. Crossing boundaries: Toward integrating creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship research through practice.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,9(2), p.139. Florida, R. and Mellander, C., 2014.Rise of the startup city: The changing geography of the venture capital financed innovation(No. 377). Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS-Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies. Gundry, L.K., Ofstein, L.F. and Kickul, J.R., 2014. Seeing around corners: How creativity skills in entrepreneurship education influence innovation in business.The International Journal of Management Education,12(3), pp.529-538. Kitchin, R., 2014. The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism.GeoJournal,79(1), pp.1-14. Lu, J., Hafenbrack, A.C., Maddux, W.W., Eastwick, P. and Galinsky, A.D., 2016, January. Going Out of the Box: Depth of Intercultural Relationships Predicts Creativity, Workplace Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 12325). Academy of Management. Ludvig, A., Tahvanainen, V., Dickson, A., Evard, C., Kurttila, M., Cosovic, M., Chapman, E., Wilding, M. and Weiss, G., 2016. The Practice of Entrepreneurship in the Non-Wood forest products sector: Support for Innovation on private forest land.Forest Policy and Economics,66, pp.31-37. Norrman, C., Bienkowska, D., Sundberg, A. and Andr, M., 2017. Simple Mockups-Tool to Enhance Visualisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Courses. InThe 13th International CDIO Conference. Pacione, M., Dutt, S. and Paul, B.K., 2014. Smart cities is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number...GeoJournal,79(1), pp.113-126. Perry-Smith, J. and Mannucci, P.V., 2015. 12 Social Networks, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship.The Oxford handbook of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship, p.205. Pillay, R., 2014. Creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship: a new prescription for health care.Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Health, Dove Press Journal,15, pp.1-3. Sarooghi, H., Libaers, D. and Burkemper, A., 2015. Examining the relationship between creativity and innovation: A meta-analysis of organizational, cultural, and environmental factors.Journal of business venturing,30(5), pp.714-731. Sternberg, R. and Krauss, G. eds., 2014.Handbook of research on entrepreneurship and creativity. Edward Elgar Publishing. Zhou, J., 2015.The Oxford handbook of creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Oxford University Press.

Sedimentary Rocks Essays - Sedimentary Rocks, Petrology,

Sedimentary Rocks On Quartz and sedimentary rocks Silicon and oxygen, the two most common chemical elements in the Earth's crust, combine as silicon dioxide to form the mineral quartz. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, are Rocks that are formed by the compaction of sediments or by the crystallization of the dissolved minerals. Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. Quartz has been found in meteorites and in some rocks collected on the moon. Quartz has the chemical formula SiO2. There are many varieties of quartz, which occurs in nearly all types of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. It is an essential mineral in granites, granodiorites and rhyolites. Metamorphism of quartz-bearing igneous and sedimentary rocks typically increases the amount of quartz and its grain size. Quartz is very resistant to weathering and, therefore, concentrates as sandstones and other detrital rocks. Most sands are weathered fragments of quartz. Sandstone and quartzite are the same materials that are re-lithified (compressed into rock). Quartz has many commercial applications. In science and industry, quartz sand is used for manufacturing sandpaper and other abrasives, polishing powders and soaps. It is used to make building materials, heat-resistant materials known as refractories and for the bearings of precision instruments. Quartz sand is also used in the manufacture of porcelain, glass and metal casting molds. Precision-cut plates of quartz are used for frequency control in radios, TVs, clocks and watches. Compositionally, quartz is usually quite pure, with only traces of other elements like aluminum, sodium, potassium and lithium. Quartz is found as large crystals that are often beautifully colored by impurities. The many varieties of quartz are due to formation of different geometric arrangements of its tetrahedral crystals. This accounts for different crystal structures, and, therefore, different physical properties. To form Quartz sandstone, rock particles & remains of living things are deposited in the sea by rivers and waves. These sediments accumulate layer by layer, over thousands or millions of years, forming thick deposits on land or on the sea floor. The weight of the overlying sediments compact those below. Over time, they form sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually occur in shallow parts of the sea or in lakes in desert areas where evaporation is higher than precipitation. As evaporation takes place, water is lost and the dissolved minerals form crystals. As evaporation continues, more crystals form and accumulate on the sea or lake floor, becoming sedimentary rocks, i.e. coal. They have a layered appearance because the materials that form them are deposited in layers. Plant and animal fossils can be found in many sedimentary rocks. Color: Very variable; frequently red, brown, greenish, yellow, gray, white. Texture: Medium-grained. Usually well sorted, that is grains all about the same size; grains sub angular to rounded (sandstone). Structure: Bedding usually apparent; current bedding and ripple marks common; graded bedding may occur. Concretions and fossils may be found. Mineralogy: Quartz is the main component but is often accompanied by feldspar, mica or other minerals. The grains may be cemented by silica, calcite or iron oxides. Field relations: Sandstones are associated with most other sedimentary rocks. Most sands accumulated either in water, usually the sea, or as wind-blown deposits in arid continental areas. Desert sandstones tend to be red, and the individual sand grains are often almost spherical and polished."

Getting the Gold †Scholarship Essay

Getting the Gold – Scholarship Essay Free Online Research Papers As the crowd cheered for me, my heart beats we anticipation, waiting in wanting the gun to the sound. The race hasnt started but i am already sweating. A drop of sweat falls for the ground, as its falling I think about how much pressure is on this race. I have trained hard for this moment in the Olympics, and id feel tremendous pain if I lost. Drip my sweat hits the hot ground and everything sounds like it’s in slow motion. Get ready set go..bang! the gun sounds and my heart feels like its now out of my body and onto the track. My first foot leaves the blocks followed by my second. I think about how I must push my self if I want to win. As I take my second stride I see my coach in my head screaming and screaming and yelling and yelling at me. go, go go he says. As I turn to see if any one is next to me, I see my coach, nothing like when I am practicing, but calm as ever, as if he knows I am going to win. He just stood there waiting, watching with this blank look on his face as if hes just there looking at a ghost run. No emotions, no sweat, not a hint of worry. This gave me confidence. I knew that I was the best in the world, I know that no one in the race could match the strength and the will that I had as an athlete, as I got ready to explode on my third stride I totally forgot where I was. I saw my self as a child again, running down the country roads of Texas. Those were the days, I told myself, and I would be an Olympian. Playing tag and racing to the lake, for most kids was just fun, but for me it was my way of testing and training myself for the future. I always knew that one day id be here, representing my country in the best way I knew how. This was my life long ambition. The goal I have waited years to accomplish. Years I have trained, just to race one race that takes less than 15 seconds. A price to pay for the goal. As I remember where I am, I feel my muscles in my body tightening, as if there going to pop. As I lunge for the tape I notice an opponent catching up to me on the right side. And as he was going faster I was going slower. My thoughts were all scrambled my body felt the urge to fight pain and take the lead. As I got closer to the tape I noticed how close my opponent was to me, I couldn’t loose. My thoughts were running wild; I knew I had to concentrate if I wanted to win. I took a deep breathe and pushed myself as hard as I could. I stretched my neck as far as I could andand. I broke a world record by 2.36 seconds. My heart wasn’t on the track anymore; it was in space some where. I didn’t really think about anything, I just walked off the track and sat down. After 4 events it finally hit me that I not only broke a world record, I got the gold. Research Papers on Getting the Gold - Scholarship EssayThe Hockey GameThe Spring and Autumn19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is Art

Stop Consonant - Definition and Examples in Phonetics

Stop Consonant s in Phonetics In phonetics, a stop consonant is the sound made by completely blocking the flow of air and then releasing it. Also known as a plosive. Stop Consonants Explained In English, the sounds [p], [t], and [k] are voiceless stops (also called plosives). The sounds [b], [d], and [g] are voiced stops. Examples Of Stop Consonants We may describe the first sound in pit as a voiceless bilabial stop (transcribed as [p]) . . .. The consonant in abbey is also a bilabial stop, but differs from that in pit: it is voiced. This consonant (transcribed as [b]) is a voiced bilabial stop.The first sound in tin is a voiceless alveolar stop; it is transcribed as [t]. Its voiced counterpart is the consonant in ado. This sound, the voiced alveolar stop, is transcribed as [d].The first sound in cool is a voiceless velar stop; it is transcribed as [k]. Its voiced counterpart, the voiced velar stop, is transcribed as [g]; an example is the consonant in ago.We have now identified bilabial, alveolar and velar stops; stops may be made at many other places of articulation, but we will ignore those, as they are not relevant to the study of English. There is one further stop which we must mention, however, as it is very common in the speech of most speakers of English. This is the glottal stop . . .. It is made by forming a constricti on of complete closure between the vocal folds. This is the sound made instead of [t] in many Scottish and Cockney pronunciations of, for example, the word butter. We will see that it is present in the speech of almost every speaker of English, no matter what the accent. (Philip Carr, English Phonetics and Phonology: An Introduction. Blackwell, 1999) Anterior Stops The labial and alveolar stops, [p], [b], [t], [d], are also known as the anterior stops. Together, with the velar or back stops, they complete the American English set of phonemic stops. . . .The [p] and [b] occur at the front of the mouth and are grouped with the labials, sounds formed by the lips. The alveolar stops, [t] and [d], are made on the gum ridge behind the upper teeth. At the back of the mouth are [k] and [g]. These are the velar stops because the tongue makes a seal with the soft palate (or velum)...The variant forms for the stops, called allophones by phoneticians, are regularly tied to the phonetic contexts in which the sounds occur. For example, stops in initial position in words or at the start of stressed syllables are usually exploded, or heavily aspirated, whereas those at the ends of words may not even be released. (Harold T. Edwards, Applied Phonetics: The Sounds of American English, 3rd ed. Thomson, 2003) Nasal Stops Stop ​articulations without a velic closure and with nasal airflow are called nasal stops or, more simply, nasals. Nasals are sonorant sounds, because the airstream produced by the lungs can escape via the nasal cavity and there is no rise in air pressure inside the vocal tract. (Michael Ashby and John A. Maidment, Introducing Phonetic Science. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005)

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic Essay

Juxtapositions of the modern and the archaic - Essay Example It was extremely absurd; when his aunt continuously corrected him to be addressing respectable black man by the initials, Mr. Her aunt told him that he should address them by the name nigger. This went on until young children got used to addressing black people as Negros. White men held rituals that showed respect and affection to maintain the impression of personal relationship that never existed. Black men used the initials Mr. once addressing a white man and Miss to a woman (Ayers 100). This never happened when white people were addressing black people as they addressed them rather by their names, which was a sign of disrespect. Black women did not have the privilege of having the initials Mrs by their names but instead assumed the name of an â€Å"aunt† prior their first names. Black men’s address was Negros, which mostly was evident in the newspapers or just as two boys were killed. It was not customary for the two races to shake hands or socialize in public beside s black men to removing their hats in public places especially those meant for the whites, but white people did not remove hats in homes owned by black people. There were days that were set aside for black people to shop and socialize. Saturday was set aside for black people to shop and socialize thus white people did not go to towns. ... Many white and black people tried to create a humane relationship even though hate and dislike characterized the then atmosphere in the atmosphere. The whites believed that being kind to the old and respectable blacks was a sign of strong character. Rituals that revealed race relationship normally marked the Christmas holiday. Southern blacks celebrated Christmas as a moment of white giving gifts to the blacks and offering freedoms. However, the ritual went on fading, and it only remained in some plantations (Ayers 102). This practice remained in some parts since the white people deemed that black people were naturally beggars. This annoyed the white people as blacks begged from morning to evening. Besides, black Negroes demonstrated that there were laws in Christmas. They could move around the streets making jokes and shouting since they recognized themselves as equals to white people. When black people had nobody else to turn to, they sought help from the white people. They begged for bread and others edible stuffs during Christmas, though some could resolve to toil for themselves. For illustration, there was woman left by  the   husband, and he had to borrow food for Christmas. His husband who fled with another woman left her, and she worked all day long to provide for his family. There are laws, which barred or discouraged rural urban - race relations. Sectors like rural roads, cotton grins and stores; there was no evidence of segregation. Anglers and hunters respected laws and rules as long they were fair regardless of law. White and black men used to work together in these sectors besides seen around fireplaces while women cooked from the same kitchen,

E Government in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E Government in the UK - Essay Example E government implementation in the UK includes the use of cards with smart chips for passes to pay for school meals, public transportation and for online voting and online payment transactions. Websites are setup for public consultation, paying parking tickets. E-government is big business in the twenty-first century, amounting to over 1% of GDP in most industrialized nations and around  £14 billion annually in the United Kingdom, according to recent estimates (Margetts, 2010). The core factors that occur, when assessing national E government in the form of providing human resources, correspond with the ushering in of globalization and the internet and the balance this new era must maintain between the diffusion of ideas and innovation, as opposed to the replication of practices from one area to the next. As noted by Dempsey, â€Å"E-government is the delivery of online government services, which provides the opportunity to increase citizen access to government, reduce government bureaucracy, increase citizen participation in democracy and enhance agency responsiveness to citizens needs (Dempsey, 2001).† These are the ideal policy changes that E-government is set about to enhance government and private sector practices in the U.K. The problem is this implies E-government practices improve the quality of government practices, which some naysayers argue is not the case. In the Guardian U.K. article, â€Å"E-government is not a financial cure-all,† the author notes that advancements the internet has brought on to be utilized by local and federal governments, as well as private sector institutions in the U.K., does not necessarily mean enhanced quality of these services. The author says, â€Å"When all else fails, reach for the ‘e’. In the past week, both the prime minister and the chancellor of the exchequer have cited e-government to explain how they are going to cut the cost of public services, but not their quality (Cross, 2010).† The author then goes onto point out the key to petitioning for e-government initiatives can be traced to a specific term that dictates how e-government is identified in the public eye, he says, â€Å"The current buzzword is ‘smarter government’, but the basic concept has been policy for a decade, since Tony Blair's first e-envoy, Alex Allan, unveiled the national e-government str ategy in April 2000 (Cross, 2010).† The author goes on to note that after billions of dollars invested in the 2005 E-government policies to improve public services placed UK on a European commission’s annual benchmarking survey as the leader in Europe of the electronic public services.

Corrosion Pillowing in Aircraft Fuselage Lap Joints Essay Example for Free

Corrosion Pillowing in Aircraft Fuselage Lap Joints Essay Nicholas C. Bellinger,âˆâ€" Jerzy P. Komorowski,†  and Ronald W. Gould†¡ National Research Council Canada, Institute for Aerospace Research, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada DOI: 10.2514/1.18589 This paper presents the results of studies that have been carried out at the National Research Council Canada on the effect that corrosion pillowing has on the structural integrity of fuselage lap joints. Modeling of corrosion pillowing using ï ¬ nite element techniques showed that the stress near the rivet holes increased to the material (Al 2024T3) yield strength when the corrosion present was above 6% thickness loss. In addition, the analysis showed that pillowing resulted in a stress gradient through the skin thickness, which suggested that semi-elliptical cracks with high aspect ratios could form. During teardowns of service-exposed lap joints, these types of cracks were found at numerous holes and a closer examination of the fracture surfaces revealed the presence of fatigue striations. Therefore, a new source of multisite damage, other than fatigue, was identiï ¬ ed. I. Introduction N THE 1980s, it became apparent that commercial transports would remain in service well beyond their original design life, which raised concerns that corrosion combined with fatigue could lead to catastrophic failures of fuselage lap joints. Although there are multiple lap joint designs present in a single fuselage, for older aircraft the majority of them consist of an outer and inner skin fabricated from aluminum 2024-T3 joined together with multiple rows of countersunk rivets (Fig. 1), as well as an adhesive layer. During the operation of an aircraft, the adhesive layer can deteriorate and disbond allowing moisture to migrate between the skins. This moisture can, in turn, breakdown the material protective system resulting in the formation of crevice corrosion. As the corrosion forms, the skins between the rivets are forced apart due to the presence of the corrosion products resulting in a bulging or â€Å"pillowing† of the skins. This phenomenon is referred to as corrosion pillowing and is the feature used to detect corrosion in lap joints using visual (ï ¬â€šashlight) nondestructive inspection techniques. This paper reviews the results to-date of studies that were carried out to determine the effect that corrosion pillowing has on the structural integrity of fuselage lap joints. The results indicate that corrosion pillowing can cause the formation of semi-elliptical cracks with high aspect ratios, which were found in a number of serviceexposed corroded lap joints. These cracks formed at a number of different rivet holes and thus are considered to be a new source of multisite damage (other than fatigue), which could signiï ¬ cantly affect the residual life and strength of a lap joint. II. Corrosion Pillowing Analysis A. Mathematical Model Presented as Paper 2023 at the 46th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics Materials Conference, 13th AIAA/ ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference, 7th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Forum, 6th AIAA Gossamer Spacecraft Forum, and 1st AIAA Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Specialist Conference, Austin, Texas, 18–21 April 2005; received 5 July 2005; revision received 17 February 2006; accepted for publication 17 March 2006. Copyright  © 2007 by National Research Council of Canada. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. Copies of this paper may be made for personal or internal use, on condition that the copier pay the $10.00 per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923; include the code 0021-8669/07 $10.00 in correspondence with the CCC. âˆâ€" Structures Group Leader, Structures and Materials Performance Laboratory, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M14. †  Director General, Institute for Aerospace Research, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M3. †¡ Senior Technical Ofï ¬ cer, Structures and Materials Performance Laboratory, 1200 Montreal Road, Building M3. 758 The visual nondestructive inspections used to detect corrosion pillowing in fuselage lap joints are not capable of determining the level of corrosion that is present within a joint. Therefore, to determine if a correlation existed between the amplitude of the pillowing deformation of the outer skin of a lap joint to the degree of corrosion inside the joint, a mathematical model was developed. This model presumed that after the lap joint disbonds the aircraft skin between the rivets deforms perpendicularly to the lap joint surface to accommodate the additional volume required by the corrosion product. A chemical analysis on corrosion samples taken from service-exposed lap joints indicated that the insoluble product mainly consisted of aluminum oxide trihydrate (aluminum hydroxide), which has a molecular volume ratio of 6.454 times that of pure aluminum [1]. The model assumed that the corrosion product was distributed within the joint so as to exert a uniform lateral pressure on the fuselage skins. It was also assumed that the joint was symmetrical about its midplane and thus only the outer skin was modeled. The closed-form classical plate theory of Timoshenko and Krieger was used to calculate the deformation of the outer skin supported by equidistant rivets and subjected to a uniform lateral pressure [2]. This deformation was used to calculate the pillowing ratio given by the ratio of the central deï ¬â€šection to the volume under the deformed plate [3]. From this model, the central deï ¬â€šection was determined to be approximately 3.3 times the thickness loss for a rivet spacing ratio of one. To better understand the effect that the rivet spacing ratio had on corrosion pillowing, the deformed shapes of plates with various rivet spacing ratios were calculated and the results are plotted in Fig. 2. The results showed that as the rivet spacing increased, the relative deï ¬â€šections at the shorter edges decreased, whereas those at the longer edges increased, which can signiï ¬ cantly reduce the probability of detecting the corrosion visually. This suggests that the detection limit for joints with a high rivet spacing ratio, may be signiï ¬ cantly larger than the maximum allowed 10% thickness loss. B. Stress Analysis Because actual lap joints contain free edges and stiffeners, which cannot be modeled using the closed-form solution, ï ¬ nite element techniques were developed to model an actual aircraft lap joint (Fig. 1). This model included the effects of the hoop stress from the pressurization of the fuselage, the rivet prestress caused by the rivet installation as well as the corrosion pillowing stress. The fuselage curvature was ignored for all the analyses that were performed during this program.

Keats’ Love for Fanny Brawne in The Eve of St. Agnes Essay -- Essays P

Keats’ Love for Fanny Brawne in The Eve of St. Agnes â€Å"For myself I know not how to express my devotion to so fair a form: I want a brighter word than bright, a fairer word than fair. I almost wish we were butterflies and liv’d but three summer days—three such days with you I could fill with more delight than fifty common years could ever contain† –John Keats to Fanny Brawne (Bate 538). As the colloquial phrase goes†¦behind every great man, lies a great woman, but in John Keats’ case, the woman is neither great nor his superior but inspires greatness in the Romantic poet. This woman calls herself Fanny Brawne. She was intellectually inferior to Keats, but her sprightly character added rich, sensuosity to his writing. John Keats always had a fondness for folklore and medieval tales. He dreamt of being a chivalric knight, riding on a white steed to rescue his damsel. In early childhood Keats would go to a rustic arbor, find his niche, and read Edmund Spenser’s â€Å"Faery Queen†: it â€Å"awakened his genius,† and â€Å"he was enchanted, breathed in a new world, and became another being† (Bate 75). Fanny Brawne is Keats’ â€Å"Faery Queen,† and her spirit inspires the sensuous, rife, and feminine qualities of â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† Fanny Brawne and John Keats first interacted in November 1818 at Wentworth Place. He first became infatuated and entranced in her differences from himself. While distinguishing her uniqueness, John says she â€Å"liked me for my own sake and for nothing else—I have met with women whom I really think would like to be married to a Poem (Bate 428). She enjoyed literature, art, and music, but her special interest was fashion—all the sumptuous textures, colors, and styles. Joanna Richardson describes Fan... .... He has wooed with tender, sweet kisses of poetry. Keats does likewise. Since he cannot physically show Fanny her value, he arouses her with images of â€Å"lavendered† linens, â€Å"candied† confections, and â€Å"cinnamon† succulence. The verdant, active language Keats utilizes in â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes† adumbrates his ardent love for Fanny Brawne and proves the power of poetry. Works Cited - Bate, Walter Jackson. John Keats. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1963. - Keats, John. â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† The Oxford Anthology of English Literature, Romantic Poetry and Prose. New York: Oxford UP, 1973. 524-35. - Richardson, Joanna. Fanny Brawne, A Biography. Great Britain: Vanguard Press, 1952. - Wordsworth, William. â€Å"The Tables Turned.† The Oxford Anthology of English Literature, Romantic Poetry and Prose. New York: Oxford UP, 1973. 128-29.

What Impressions of the Characters Relationship Are Conveyed?

What impressions of the characters relationship are conveyed by the language they use, and the interaction between them? In this text, the opening scene of Ibsen’s Dolls House, the conversation between Helmer and Nora shows who acts as a more authoritative figure through imperatives, patronising lexis and explanative language. This is to show the relationship between the married couple regarding terms of how they address each other. I will also consider gender theories such as Debora Tennen’s gender theory of politeness and Zimmerman and West’s suggesting men are more dominating in conversation.The purpose of the text, A Dolls House, is to reveal information about the relationship between Nora and Helmer through the interactions of their conversation and their lexis. Nora speaks in a polite manor, ‘just this minute’ which could be interpreted through Trudgill’s gender theory suggesting women use precise pronunciation to aim to be viewed at a h igher class. The adjective, ‘just’ could imply Nora will act quickly in order to respond to her husband because he has a higher status and power over herself.However, her husbands language is very different, ‘been wasting money again? ’ this rhetorical question implies a threatening and dominant tone. This could be interpreted by kZimmerman and West’s gender theory which suggests men act more dominant in conversation in order to gain and keep power. The terms of address the couple use change in relation to the conversation topic. Nora addresses her husband by his second name, ‘As you please, Torvald’ which could imply their relationship is formal and she has little authority as he holds all the power.This could be interpreted by Debora Tennen who states that women use terms of address and politeness to form bonds. However, Helmer addresses Nora in two different approaches; whilst they are having a general conversation Nora is referred to as his possession, ‘My little skylark’ the adjective ‘little’ implying she is belittled as she has no authority. Also, the use of the pronoun, ‘my’ implies Nora belongs to Helmer and she has control over her hence the metaphor for her name.However, when Nora ‘misbehaves’ she is addressed with her name, ‘Nora, Nora! Just like a woman! ’ his use of explanative language portrays his loss of patience with her but also he is telling her off like Nora is a child in a patronising manor. The repetition of ‘Nora’ implies she has done wrong and he dismisses her to get her to behave like a father would to a child. This could be interpreted by Grice’s maxims of quantity as he speaks more than Nora implying he has a higher level of authority and power.

Relationships at all levels involve complex powerplay

Present this task in the form of a discussion between two personalities. Base your response on your prescribed text and at least three other related texts of your own choosing. Introduction music to ‘Oprah' plays. Oprah Winfrey walks onstage, waving to the audience. Oprah: My my my, how are you today ladies and gentlemen? Well don't I have a special show for you today! An uninterrupted special of Oprah, that's right no advertisements, no newsbreaks, we have a delightful guest and I'm just so, so pleased that she could join us! Now as you know, I'm an open minded person and I just love talking to people, sorry, make that personalities, from all walks of life. This lovely girl has an amazing personality, and faced with a crisis, she remained dignified. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Clover! Clover trots onstage to a hearty round of applause. Oprah: Clover, how are you girlfriend? Clover: I'm great Oprah! Just glad to be away from Animal Farm. Whoops! I still call it that after all these years! Manor Farm it is now. Oprah: Well just to update our audience, Clover has been one busy babe. After leaving Manor Farm, Clover has gained her doctorate in psychology! You go girl! Interrupted by round of applause from audience And today she's hear to talk to us about powerplay. Clover: That's right Oprah. Back at Animal Farm, I guess I was a little slow to learn but they underestimated me. Since I found who I really am, it's just so refreshing! And studying psychology, I became very interested in power and how people gain power. Oprah: So do you have a hero, or heroine? Someone who you look at, as the epitome of power? Clover: Well not so much a hero. But I think Shakespeare was amazing, the way he portrayed power play. I mean, look at Othello. Iago is basically a slimy worm, but he gains so much power because he's so intelligent and confident in himself. He plays Othello and as Othello weakens, his strength just grows. It's fascinating. And Julius Caesar. Oprah: Tell us more about Caesar. Clover: Well Julius Caesar happens to be a personal favourite of mine actually. Caesar himself was a powerful man. He'd proved himself in battle, sucked up to the leaders of the time, even helped Pompey at one stage to gain power. By getting his foot in the political door early, he was paving his way into power. And oh, was he arrogant! But it was arrogance bred of power. The man spoke of himself in third person â€Å"†¦Caesar commands thy to speak!†¦Ã¢â‚¬  So forceful! He instantly commands power and elevates himself to others by speaking of himself in third person. Oprah: So you like a dominant man? Clover: Oh much more than that. I mean, even the very first act, I laugh every time! Marullus is like the majority of the Roman upper class, he sees the mob as a pack of sheep. The bastard even refers to them as â€Å"†¦you blocks, you stones, you worse than senseless things!† His metaphor, alluding to ‘dumb' stones is funny in itself. He thinks the crowd is brainless and nothing more than rocks and stones! But when you think about it, the whole city is built on stones and blocks- the important buildings, the roads and streets. The crowd, the mob, is the foundation of the city on which those in power must sit. So the crowd really does posses a lot of power! They just aren't aware of how to use it. Oprah: Hmmm, so you're saying the mob could make or break a guy in power? Clover: Well yes. When Murellus and Flavious encounter a couple of tradesmen in the first scene, the tradesman mocks them and hence gains power through their discomfort. There's Murellus and Flavious, speaking at the workmen â€Å"†¦what trade art thou? Answer me directly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and calling them â€Å"†¦knave†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , so the cobbler tells him he's a â€Å"†¦mender of bad soles†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Quiet laughter in the audience. But Cassius is more than just a commoner, he has ambition, therefore the powerplay that Cassius and Caesar engage in yields much bitterness from Cassius. I mean, Caesar at the beginning is absolute ruler â€Å"†¦He doth bestride the narrow world; Like a Colossus, and we petty men; Walk under his huge legs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Dramatic, emphatic language is used even by Cassius here†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦doth bestride†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦Colossus†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , emphasising his power and strength in the society. Whereas Caesar strides, the rest of the â€Å"†¦petty men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  only walk. However Cassius can identify that Caesar is powerful only because the rest of Rome has allowed themselves to be â€Å"†¦underlings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Like the Chinese Communist Party, Cassius believes those who have proven themselves within the political class should be in power. Oprah: So the cobbler gets power over the senators by, well ripping them off? Wow, there you have it ladies and gentlemen, those smart remarks you've been saying in your head, let 'em rip! Clover: Well, you have to remember that these commoners were pretty darn clever. They gained power by punning their words. But then, Murellus pulled some back soon after. He throws rhetorical questions at the â€Å"†¦naughty knaves†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . It's pretty well done on Murellus' part, he fires seven questions at them like â€Å"†¦wherefore rejoice? What conquest brings he home?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  before anyone else can get a single word in! Oprah: So he has power cause he's the one speaking? Well, lord I must have a hell of a lot of power! Clover: Pretty much. He's asserting himself again. A lot of stuff can be said through the spoken word. There's this commentator in Australia, Alan Jones. He's a very powerful man down there. I saw a documentary about him. Through his speeches and comments, he gains so much power. His medium is radio, and there are definitely people who call into the show to voice their opinions, but for a large part of the time, Alan Jones speaks uninterrupted. He himself is a gifted orator- he was the speech writer for an Australian Prime Minister even! Oprah: So what about at Manor Farm? Or Animal Farm? Who won in the talking steaks there?! Groan from audience. Clover: Well actually, that's a very interesting question. The pig who dreamed up the Rebellion, old Major, he drew an audience and we all used to listen- his word was law instantly. It was his quiet way, the regal way he â€Å"†¦sat ensconced on his bed of hay†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . But later, Napoleon of course was the public speaker. And he enforced it- with his damn dogs. They had us all scared half to death! His was a physical powerplay, intimidation. And because he used the crowd so to speak, he knew that we would all follow him, he wasn't questioned. But Squealer, well he operated differently. He was a suck up, that's for sure. But we believed him, listened to him, he â€Å"†¦could turn black into white†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Squealer was like an advertisement, a living, breathing propaganda machine. Propaganda in itself is powerplay though. The Times magazine ran an article about the Chinese Communist Party, demonstrating how it uses a great deal of propaganda. Back to Squealer though, he managed to make everything sound very convincing, he exploited our naivety. One particularly vivid, emotional moment for me was when Boxer was injured. Squealer appeared to be â€Å"†¦full of sympathy and concern†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and he said all these nice things. He told us that Boxer's last wish was to see the â€Å"†¦windmill finished†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . That his last words were â€Å"†¦Forward comrades!†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He used every chance he could to turn the situation around through his clever words to be in favour of ‘Comrade Napoleon'. He used us. We weren't the most educated animals, I mean, I admit it. Like Stalin led the uneducated , we never doubted the system because we couldn't fathom any other way. Oprah: Sounds like a nasty piece of work, doesn't he ladies and gentlemen? Kind of like those men who whisper sweet nothings and then drop you like a hot potato! Clover: Someone who did use the spoken word well though was Mark Antony. And he knew how to run the crowd as well. Unlike the senators, he didn't abuse his power over the crowd, well not in an insulting manner anyway. Antony respected the crowd and the power they held, but in his own way, he still played them. â€Å"†¦Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He gets their attention and draws them all together. By getting the crowd on his side, he has power behind him. And oh, he does play Brutus too! â€Å"†¦Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Oprah: Well doesn't that just drip with sarcasm! Clover: It sure does Oprah. And Antony dishonours Brutus, ridding him of his power because he has dishonoured him in the eyes of the crowd- where the real power lies. I mean, politicians need the crowd, they are only in power when they have the power of the people supporting them. Alan Jones, he had the admiration and loyalty of his students and his team and â€Å"†¦it was a hypnotic power of a charismatic man†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . As much as I hate to admit it, Napoleon had us under his command, through intimidation. And trickery too I might add. The Chinese Communist Party has an uncanny likeness to Napoleon and his way of running things. They play the crowd through intimidation and their hold over the Army, well let's say guns make sure that hold remains firm. Sorry Oprah, I've digressed again! Antony has something the crowd wants. Well he doesn't really, but he knows the crowd will be pleased with gifts and such- through Caesar's will. He leads the crowd to think what he wants them to think by teasing them, with the promise of reading the will. It's a subtle exploitation and goes to show how much power comes with knowledge! He ensures that the plebeians remain loyal to Caesar â€Å"†¦they were traitors!..† the crowd cries. And then â€Å"†¦The will! The testament!†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and so Antony tells them what they want to hear. And he did a good job of it too. Alan Jones, in his early days as a teacher gained his power through his crowd, but unlike Antony, Jones was able to choose his crowd to some degree. He valued â€Å"†¦more highly those who were prepared to follow an established game plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This in itself is very demanding and forceful. He gains power through establishing a clear set of rules- his own rules. Jones went through a tough time, he was in trouble because it was alleged he accepted endorsements. However, he remained as powerful as ever. It was said in the documentary that if Jones â€Å"†¦didn't lose his audience, he didn't lose his power†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This acknowledges to an even greater extent just how important the crowd is in giving power. The powerful know how to work the crowd in their play for power. And particularly in Julius Caesar, we can see that power often corrupts. Powerplays are about power transferring from one party to another. When this balance of power inevitably becomes unequal, corruption and evilness often creep into the equation. Even Antony, after gaining the crowd's support with Caesar's will, manipulated them to his own advantage, calling Lepidus an â€Å"†¦ass†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and likening him to a horse. Although I myself believe that this is a great compliment! Actually, in Rome at this time it seems that likening one to an animal inflicted a great deal of insult. In Brutus and Antony's exchange animal imagery shows just how fundamental power plays are- within nature and within human nature â€Å"†¦you showed your teeth like apes and fawned like hounds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Yes even those who posses great power can stoop to childish name calling! Oprah: They seem to be very strong, very forceful. Clover: Jones in particular was. He â€Å"†¦didn't accept fence sitters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They were either on his side, or against him. By defining those clear boundaries, Jones is commanding power from those who are with him, because they support his opinion and their loyalty lies with him, and from those against him, because they are still playing by his rules, he forces them to make a decision and lets them know that he's not afraid of it. However, in Julius Caesar, Cassius isn't so forceful with Brutus. He is quite gentle, very subtle and strokes Brutus' ego to win him over. â€Å"†¦no man here; But honours you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  says Cassius to Brutus. Cassius does actually recognise that the power in politics lies with the people, as does Cinna â€Å"†¦O Cassius, if you could; But win the noble Brutus to our party†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He knows that Brutus' reputation precedes him and basically, wants a piece of it. If Brutus is on his side, then Cassius is going to look a wh ole lot more reputable. Brutus' honour will garner the crowd. Oprah: well it sounds to me like the people in power get all the perks! But if there's so much power in the crowd, then how come it's the leaders that get all the glory? Clover: Cause they've won the war. Won the powerplay, the struggle. In reality, the power of the crowd disseminates to support the ruling class, ruling party. The most powerful. Like I said before, the Chinese Communist Party are alike Napoleon and his pigs. Napoleon stopped the Sunday meetings, he wouldn't let us in on anything, wouldn't let us have a say anymore. The Chinese Communist Party are insiders, â€Å"†¦picked, then rotated through a series of jobs to test their loyalty. They use secrecy as a weapon, â€Å"†¦part of an old fashioned weapon of rule†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If no one knows anything, then they have the advantage of the element of surprise, if it is others trying to discover their secrets, then the power is shifted to the Communist Party- power lies with knowledge. At the farm, Moses was asleep in the barn when Major first told us of the Rebellion. He didn't approve because he didn't have in. Like the church when communism was introduced- they missed the boat and hence the communists had the power. Oprah: So what if two big names clash? Like the Sunday night movie and you're trying to figure out whether to watch Mel Gibson or Tom Cruise? What happens then? Clover: Well personally I prefer Mr Ed†¦ Oprah: Hey, whatever floats your boat hun! Clover: But the answer to your question is simply, one of them has to go. Just like Stalin ousted Trotskey, Napoleon got rid of Snowball when he became too much. Napoleon was smart, he knew the windmill would be a great idea. He knew that this would make us look at Snowball more favourably, and Napoleon couldn't afford to lose the support of the crowd! We all â€Å"†¦came to look at Snowballs drawings at least once†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . â€Å"†¦Only Napoleon held aloof†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . It even came to the point where half of us where in full support of Snowball- we wanted him in power. â€Å"†¦Vote for Snowball and the three day week!†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . So he got rid of him- powerplay using force. Snowball was a better orator than Napoleon â€Å"†¦in a moment Snowballs eloquence carried [us] away†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . And it was then Napoleon knew he was in trouble, so out came the dogs. It was terrifying we were terrified and â€Å"†¦scared†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Napoleon's answer to any threat to his power was simple- force. Like the Communist Party. The magazine article left no question as to the forceful nature of the group: â€Å"†¦Whatever the leadership lineup that parades before the cameras this week, the message will be the same: leave the driving to us†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Oprah: Do all people who gain power tend to have this group mentality? You know, strength in numbers? Clover: Well Caesar didn't need anyone but himself! But neither does Allan Jones really. I mean, they all use other people to gain power. But it has been said of Jones that he was able to â€Å"†¦polarise people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , that he was very much a â€Å"†¦solo performer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Oprah: All this talk about all these men! What about our sistas hun, there has to be some powerful girlfriends in this men's club! Clover: Brutus' wife Portia, she's a woman and a half. Now, I don't know about you Oprah, but I'd do nearly anything to get the truth outta my hubby. I'd willingly kick him in the leg, you know, throw a feed bin at him, that kind of thing. She doesn't think much of her sex â€Å"†¦I grant I am a woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Oprah: Wow those hunnies really needed someone like me around, right ladies?! Cheer from the audience Clover: But instead, she gave herself â€Å"†¦a voluntary wound†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Oprah: Hell, now wouldn't that make the hubby shake in his boots! Clover: Yes, it did! But it worked, Portia gained power in Brutus' entrusting her with his men's secrets by this act of, well I like to call it insanity but some would say determination. Oprah: Well if that's that kind of guy Brutus is, I don't think I'd want to know his secrets! Clover: Brutus is a very complex man. His was of having power is by being unemotional†¦he holds his passion at bay and tries to rely on reputation and form and nobility rather than feelings. He is â€Å"†¦vexed†¦with passions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Although Brutus tries to regain some power in his exchange with Cassius â€Å"†¦Would not; Be any further moved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by detaching himself from his emotions, Cassius appeals to Brutus' sense of personal worth â€Å"†¦Men at some time are masters of their fates; The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars; But in ourselves, that we are underlings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . However, the guy is only human, and Cassius knows that he can seduce Brutus into complying, he can flatter his way into gaining power over Brutus â€Å"†¦Who is so firm that cannot be seduc'd†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Oprah: It's fair to say Clover hun, that you've had some well, quite negative encounters with leaders and power in your lifetime. What are your views on it all now? Clover: It's human nature Oprah. And animal nature too I guess. I mean, out in the wild it's survival of the fittest, but in this day and age it's survival of the fittest, smartest, best talker, the one who can get into the head of the crowd. We need leaders. Hell, even a farm of animals need a leader! I mean, under Jones, we were miserable. He was someone in a position of power who exploited us. We weren't as educated as he, hence less powerful and his routine made the farm like a well oiled machine- at our expense. On our own, it would have been fine, except Napoleon became corrupted also, by power again exploiting us. The Chinese Communist Party, they are a self perpetuating group who breed their own leaders- sacrifices made by the party for the party. Alan Jones tended to apply favouritism to his students, selecting the strong and talented and dedicated. There are flaws in all these powerful people, even Caesar's arrogance and Antony, his manipulation of the crowd. But powerplays are exchanges I guess, and power is gained by exploitation of the opposition's weaknesses. By reducing the power of one, your own is strengthened. That's just the way it is I guess. Old Major, he wanted a perfect place, his own version of ‘Sugarcandy Mountain' I guess. â€Å"†¦Above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . All that said, I'll repeat- it's human nature. At the conclusion of Julius Caesar, we can know as an audience that this scenario will repeat itself. More people will suffer, sacrifice, die for power, it is the nature of humanity. Oprah: Well Clover, that's about all we have time for. It's just been an amazing story you've had to tell, you've certainly opened my eyes. I'd like to thank you for coming on the show today†¦ Clover: It's my pleasure Oprah. Thankyou for having me! Oprah: You're welcome, you're welcome darling, now ladies and gentlemen let's thank Clover! Round of applause from audience Music plays and credits roll.

Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives.

Similarities and differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, Section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, it say that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives." The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives. To day the country is a lot larger and so is congress. There are many similarities and differences between the Senate and the House. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a process of the people choice. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. Population determines the number representing each State, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. The people elect members for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years OFFICERS: The Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate; in his absence the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by him. The House elects the Presiding Officer of the Hous... Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives. Free Essays on Similarities And Differences Between The Senate And The House Of Representatives. Similarities and differences between the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress of the United States was created by Article I, Section 1, of the Constitution, adopted by the Constitutional Convention on September 17, 1787, it say that "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives." The first Congress under the Constitution met on March 4, 1789, in the Federal Hall in New York City. The membership then consisted of 20 Senators and 59 Representatives. To day the country is a lot larger and so is congress. There are many similarities and differences between the Senate and the House. The Senate is composed of 100 Members, 2 from each State, who are elected to serve for a term of 6 years. Senators were originally chosen by the State legislatures. This procedure was changed by the 17th amendment to the Constitution, adopted in 1913, which made the election of Senators a process of the people choice. There are three classes of Senators, and a new class is elected every 2 years. The House of Representatives comprises 435 Representatives. Population determines the number representing each State, but every State is entitled to at least one Representative. The people elect members for 2-year terms, all terms running for the same period. Both the Senators and the Representatives must be residents of the State from which they are chosen. In addition, a Senator must be at least 30 years of age and must have been a citizen of the United States for at least 9 years; a Representative must be at least 25 years of age and must have been a citizen for at least 7 years OFFICERS: The Vice President of the United States is the Presiding Officer of the Senate; in his absence the duties are taken over by a President pro tempore, elected by that body, or someone designated by him. The House elects the Presiding Officer of the Hous...

Understanding Americas Digital Divide

Understanding America's Digital Divide While America’s once vast digital divide is narrowing, the gap between groups of people who have those who lack access to computers and the internet persists, according to data from the U.S. Census Bureau. What is the Digital Divide? The term â€Å"digital divide† refers to the gap between those who have easy access to computers and the internet and those who do not due to various demographic factors. Once referring mainly to the gap between those with and without access to information shared via telephones, radios, or televisions, the term is now used mainly to describe the gap between those with and without internet access, particularly high-speed broadband. Despite having some level of access to digital information and communication technologies, various groups continue to suffer the limitations of the digital divide in the form of lower-performance computers and slower, unreliable internet connections such as dial-up. Making quantifying the information gap even more complex, the list of devices used to connect to the internet has grown from basic desktop computers to include devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, MP3 music players, video gaming consoles, and electronic readers. No longer simply a question of having access or not, the digital divide is now best described as â€Å"who connects to what and how?† Or as Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Ajit Pai described it, the gap between â€Å"those who can use cutting-edge communications services and those who cannot.† Drawbacks of Being in the Divide Persons without access to computers and the internet are less able to fully take part in America’s modern economic, political and social life. Perhaps most significantly, children who fall into the communication gap lack access to modern educational technology such as internet-based distance learning. Access to broadband internet has become increasingly important in carrying out simple day-to-day chores like accessing health information, online banking, choosing a place to live, applying for jobs, looking up government services, and taking classes. Just as when the problem was first recognized and addressed by the U.S. federal government in 1998, the digital divide remains concentrated among older, less educated, and less affluent populations, as well as those living in rural areas of the country that tend to have fewer connectivity choices and slower internet connections. Progress in Closing the Divide For historical perspective, the Apple-I personal computer went on sale in 1976. The first IBM PC hit the stores in 1981, and in 1992, the term â€Å"surfing the internet† was coined. In 1984, only 8% of all American households had a computer, according to the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS). By 2000, about half of all households (51%) had a computer. In 2015, this percentage grew to nearly 80%. Adding in smartphones, tablets and other internet-enabled devices, the percentage rose to 87% in 2015. However, just owning computers and connecting them to the internet are two different things. When the Census Bureau began collecting data on internet use as well as computer ownership in 1997, only 18% of households used the internet. A decade later, in 2007, this percentage had more than tripled to 62% and increased to 73% in 2015. Of the 73% of households using the internet, 77% had a high-speed, broadband connection. So who are the Americans still in the digital divide? According to the latest Census Bureau report on Computer and Internet Use in the United States compiled in 2015, both computer and internet use continue to vary based on a variety of factors, most notably, age, income, and geographic location. The Age Gap Households headed by persons 65 years and older continue to lag behind households headed by younger persons in both computer ownership and internet use. While up to 85% of households headed by a person under age 44 owned desktop or laptop computers, only 65% of households headed by a person age 65 and older owned or used a desktop or laptop in 2015. Ownership and use of handheld computers showed an even greater variation by age. While up to 90% of households headed by a person less than 44 years of age had a handheld computer, only 47% of households headed by a person 65 years and older used some type of handheld device. Similarly, while up to 84% of households headed by a person less than 44 years of age had a broadband internet connection, the same was true in only 62% of households headed by a person aged 65 and older. Interestingly, 8% of households without a desktop or laptop computer depended on smartphones alone for internet connectivity. This group included 8% of householders ages 15 to 34, versus 2% of households with householders age 65 and older. Of course, the age gap is expected narrow naturally as younger current computer and internet users grow older. The Income Gap Not surprisingly, the Census Bureau found that using a computer, whether a desktop or laptop or handheld computer, increased with household income. The same pattern was observed for a broadband internet subscription. For example, 73% of households with annual incomes of $25,000 to $49,999 owned or used a desktop or laptop, compared with only 52% of households earning less than $25,000. â€Å"Low-income households had the lowest overall connectivity, but the highest proportion of ‘handheld only’ households,† said Census Bureau demographer Camille Ryan. â€Å"Similarly, black and Hispanic households had relatively low connectivity overall but high proportions of handheld only households. As mobile devices continue to evolve and increase in popularity, it will be interesting to see what happens with this group.† The Urban vs. Rural Gap The longstanding gap in computer and internet use between urban and rural Americans not only persists but is growing wider with the increased adoption of new technologies such as the smartphone and social media. In 2015, all persons living in rural areas were less likely to use the internet than their urban counterparts. However, the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NITA) found that certain groups of rural residents face a particularly wide digital divide. For example, 78% of Whites, 68% of African Americans, and 66% of Latinos nationwide use the internet. In rural areas, however, only 70% of White Americans had adopted the Internet, compared to 59% of African Americans and 61% of Latinos. Even as internet use has increased dramatically overall, the rural vs. urban gap remains. In 1998, 28% of Americans living in rural areas used the Internet, compared to 34% of those in urban areas. In 2015, over 75% of urban Americans used the internet, compared to 69% of those in rural areas. As NITA points out, the data shows a consistent 6% to 9% gap between rural and urban communities internet use over time. This trend, says NITA, shows that in spite of advances in technology and government policy, the barriers to internet use in rural America are complex and persistent. People who are less likely to use the internet no matter where they live- such as those with lower income or education level- face even greater disadvantages in rural areas. In the words of the FCC chairman, â€Å"If you live in rural America, there’s a better than a 1-in-4 chance that you lack access to fixed high-speed broadband at home, compared to a 1-in-50 probability in our cities.† In an effort to address the problem, the FCC in February 2017, created the Connect America Fund allocating up to $4.53 billion over a period of 10 years to advance high-speed 4G LTE wireless internet service primarily in rural areas. Guidelines regulating the fund will make it easier for rural communities to get federal subsidies for advancing internet availability.

Madrid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Madrid - Essay Example Despite the exponential growth of Madrid as a global city in the world, there exist severe social issues such as social inequality, socio-economic distinction, unemployment, educational differences and gender discrimination etc. The extent of social inequities and uneven development in Madrid is depicted by high suicide rate. Men attempt and commit suicide at a rate higher than women in the city. According to a survey conducted in 1996-97, there were 135 people who committed suicide in which 105 were men and 30 were women.4 In the year 2005, the number of men and women who committed suicide rose significantly to 1,585 and 642 respectively.5 The mortality rate between men and women are different. The differences in suicide rate among men and women can also be explained with the help of distinctions in educational level and socio economic conditions. Out of all the men committing suicide in Madrid, about 63% of men belonged to lower secondary education group. This rate is slightly high er in women, which is 73% at the same educational level. 6 It shows that women at lower education level confront with suicide risk more than men. Suicide rate in men decreases due to increase in the socio-economic well being. This is not the case with women. Surveys show a high level of inequities in Madrid in education etc as compared to the other countries. 7 Mental illness is also a factor leading to suicide which is highly suffered by people having lower socio-economic position in the society. Use of drugs in Madrid is also deeply concerned with the educational level. Drug addiction among women is higher than men. There are serious social inequalities in Madrid with respect to income, education, social status etc that lead to high suicide rates. The lower socio-economic level of people who are attempting suicide reveals the fact of social inequality in the city. As men are more involved with socio-economic activities, this inequality affects the mental attitude of men more than women and thus men have a greater tendency to commit suicide. The concerned authorities have now become more active in removing the inequalities and social gaps among people to decrease the rate of suicides.8 The Madrid city has high social inequalities and issues as compared to other big cities like Paris, New York, Tokyo and London etc. The differences in social and economic status play a vital role in fostering these inequalities among people leading to social issues. People of lower economic level have significant social issues and it is the greatest factor that forces them to take a step like suicide. It is imperative for the government to minimize the existing gaps between citizens in Madrid so as to make the city compete with other global cities more effectively. Women are seriously deprived of their rights not only in Madrid but in whole Spain. In response of this inequality, a movement started in 60's to defend the rights of women called equality feminism.9 There still exists gender discrimination in Madrid with respect to the social and econom